All of us, knowingly or unknowingly, speak redundant English on an almost daily basis. And I am no exception. Simple शब्दों में कहें तो English language के context में redundancy का अर्थ है एक साथ दो या दो से ज़्यादा ऐसे शब्दों का use करना जिनके meanings more or less एक समान हों। या फिर हम यूँ कह सकते हैं कि जहां एक word or expression से ही आप अपनी बात listener तक पहुंचा सकते हैं, वहां ज़रुरत से ज़्यादा शब्दों के इस्तेमाल करना ही redundant English कहलाता है। Seems like something you shouldn't be doing. WHY AVOID REDUNDANT ENGLISH Do you really need a reason for that? The simpler and clearer we write, the easier it is for others to understand what we are trying to say. Redundant phrases अक्सर listener या reader को distract कर सकते हैं और आपके द्वारा बोली गयी बात का power and direction भी खो सकता है। And if you need more reasons then I can only say that, Why would you use extra words and longer expressions that can confuse the reader, when you can say the same thing in fewer words? But HOW? I'll tell HOW; just read on as I'll explain with some examples. बोलते या लिखते समय इस तरह redundant English को avoid करें: ABSOLUTELY SURE/ CERTAIN Q. Are you absolutely sure/ certain about this thing? Q.Are you sure/ certain about this thing? (क्या आपको इस बात पर यकीन है?) A. I am absolutely sure/ certain. A. I am sure/ certain. (मुझे यकीन है।) ACTUAL FACT • This book contains many actual scientific facts. • This book contains many scientific facts. (इस पुस्तक मे बहुत से वैज्ञानिक तथ्य हैं।) ASK A QUESTION • He asked me questions about my career. • He asked me about my career. (उसने मुझे मेरे करियर के बारे में पूछा।) MIX TOGETHER • I have mixed these two ingredients together. • I have mixed these two ingredients. (मैंने इन दो सामग्रियों को मिला लिया है।) END RESULT/ FINAL RESULT • I did warn him about the end result. • I did warn him about the result. (मैंने उसे परिणाम के बारे में चेतावनी दी थी।) • The final results will soon be declared. • The results will soon be declared. (परिणाम जल्द ही घोषित किए जाएंगे।) EACH AND EVERY • Each and every student has to come tomorrow. • Each/ Every student has to come tomorrow. (प्रत्येक/ हर एक छात्र को कल आना है।) FELLOW CLASSMATE • She is my fellow classmate. • She is my classmate. (वह मेरी सहपाठी है।) GET OVER WITH • It's been three years since that happened, get over with it now. • It's been three years since that happened, get over it now. (उस बात को हुए तीन साल हो चुके हैं, अब इसे खत्म करो।) TIME PERIOD • It was a significant time period for all of us. • It was a significant time for all of us. (वह हम सभी के लिए एक महत्वपूर्ण समय था।) ATM MACHINE • Is there an ATM machine nearby? • Is there an ATM nearby? (क्या यहां पास में कोई ATM है?) Well, that was a little something about redundant English and how to avoid it. Will come back with some more examples. Don't forget to read our other blogs: Words to Use Instead of ‘VERY’ – 1 Words to Use Instead of ‘VERY’ – 2